ABBREVIATIONS

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A4C – Approved for Construction (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

A4PE – Authorization for Preliminary Engineering (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021) 

AA&E – Arms, Ammunitions & Explosives (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020) 

AADT – Annual Average Daily Traffic [Truck Volume] (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

AAMA – American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA 2400-20, 2020)   

AAR – After Action Review (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

AARC – Advance Acquisition Review Committee (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

AASHTO – American Association of State Highway Transportation Offices [Greenbook] (Whelan et al., 2019)  

ABET - Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc. [Accredits university/college engineering programs that prepare individuals to become certified Bridge Inspectors] (NCDOT, Draft SMU Inspection Manual, 2021)

ABS – acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, 2015)

ACG Method – Associated General Contractors of America Method of Life Cycle Analysis (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)

ACM – Asbestos-Containing Material (NCDHHS HHCU, 2021)

AC – Airborne Fiber Concentration (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

ACMR – Adjusted Collapse Margin Ratio [computed by multiplying CMR – Collapse Margin Ratio by the SSF – spectral shape factor] (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

ADA – Americans with Disabilities Act (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)  

ACE – Area Construction Engineer (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

ADHS – Appalachian Development Highway System [project fund allocation determined prior to 40/30/30 Split] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

ADL – Activities of Daily Living (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

ADR – Amplitude Domain Reflectometry [Detection of change of dielectric permittivity of scoured soil via integrated electromagnetic sensors] (Pregnolato et al., 2021)  

ADSD – Added Damping and Stiffness Connections used between CLT panels and for shear resistance (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

ADT – Average Daily Traffic (Whelan et al., 2019)

A/E – Architect/Engineer (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)

AFMAN – Airforce Manual (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020)  

AFRA – Automated Funding Request Application (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021) 

AI – Artificial Intelligence (Tan et al., 2020)

AHA – Activity Hazard Analysis (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)

AHAP – Asbestos Hazard Abatement Plans (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)

AHERA - Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (NCDHHS HHCU, 2021)

AHMP – Asbestos Hazard Management Program (NCDHHS HHCU, 2021)

AHP – Analytical Hierarchy Process (Whelan et al., 2019)

AHJ – Authority Having Jurisdiction (International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, 2015)

AIA – American Institute of Architects (DOWSIL, 2021)

AIHA – American Industrial Hygiene Association – Sponsors the Asbestos Registry (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

ANSI – American National Standards Institute (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)

APA – Administrative Procedures Act (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)  

APA – Engineered Wood Association (Zhang et al, 2021)

API – American Petroleum Institute (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015) 

APP – Accident Prevention Plan (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)

AR – Army Regulation (EM 385-1-1)

A-RMC – Airlift Reverse Mud Circulation (IRC, 2018)  

AREMA – American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association [Manual for Railway Engineering] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

ARIA - Aerial Robot Infrastructure Analyst [Project by Carnegie Mellon University on UAV Bridge Inspections] (Pryor, G., 2021)

ASHARA – Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Reauthorization Act (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)

ASHRAE – American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)

ASSE - The American Society of Inspectors of Plumbing and Sanitary Engineers (International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, 2015)

ASTM – American Society for Testing and Materials (EFCO, 2016)

ATF – Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)

ATAAC – Air-to-air-aftercooled (aka CAC or Charge-air-cooled) (Caterpillar, 226D, 2016)  

ATLAS – Advancing Transportation Through Linkages, Automation and Screening (Wray & Wilson, 2019)

ATMS – Advanced Traffic Management System (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

ATSA – Aviation and Transportation Security Act (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)   

ATSPM – Automated Traffic Signal Performance Metrics (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021) 

AUC – Area Under Curve [total area under ROC curve calculated via numerical integration, performance metric evaluate classification models] (Whelan et al., 2019)

AUE – Aerial Utility Easement (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

BC of MANLAA – Biological Conclusion of May Affect, Not Likely to Adversely Affect [a listed species, and requires Informal Consultation] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

BC or MALAA – Biological Conclusion of May Affect, Likely to Adversely Affect [a listed species, and requires Formal Consultation including Biological Assessment by NCDOT and Biological Opinion of USFWS or NMFS] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)    

BCFII – British Columbia Forestry Innovation Investment [organization involved in developing Cross-Laminated Timber building innovations] (Zhang et al, 2021)

BHF – Bottomland Hardwood Forest (Wang et al., 2020)

BHI – Bridge Health Index (Whelan et al., 2019) 

BIRM – Bridge Inspector’s Reference Manual (NCDOT, Draft SMU Inspection Manual, 2021)

BL – Bridge Length (Whelan et al., 2019)

BMIP – Bridge Maintenance and Improvement Plan (Whelan et al., 2019)

BMS – Bridge Management System (Whelan et al., 2019)  

BOM – Bill of Material (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

BRB – Buckling-Restrained Brace provides for rocking mechanism of the lateral system in an uncoupled CLT connection design (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

BSR – Bridge Survey and Hydraulic Design Reports (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

BTU – British Thermal Unit (Caterpillar, D3C, 1997)

BVLOS – Beyond Visual Line of Sight [Utilization of Drones as approved by FAA for the inspection of Bridges] (NCDOT, Draft SMU Inspection Manual, 2021)

C/A – Control of Access [Line] (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

CAD – Computer Aided Design (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)

CAFM – Computer Aided Facilities Management (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)

Caltrans – California Department of Transportation (Whelan et al., 2019) 

CAMA – Coastal Area Management Act (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

CARB – California Air Resources Board (John Deere, 310G, 2001)

CC – Cubic Centimeter of Air (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)

CCPCUA – Central Coastal Plain Capacity Use Area (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

CCA – Cold Cranking Amps for Engine Battery (Caterpillar, 226D, 2016)  

CCR – Community Characteristics Report (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021) 

CCR – Construction Change Request [initiated by NCDOT RCU if post-ICI changes are required, resulting in Construction Revision or CREVs] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

CCTV – Closed Circuit Television (IRC, 2018)

CDC – United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)    

CE – Categorical Exclusion [These are supposed to take 1 year or less, per the NCDOT Goals of “3,2,1”] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021) (Wray & Wilson, 2019)

CEF – Cost Effectiveness Factor (Whelan et al., 2019)

CFR – Code of Federal Regulations (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

CG – Capacity Goal (Whelan et al., 2019)

CI – Consistency Index (Whelan et al., 2019)

CIH – Certified Industrial Hygienist (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

CDL – Commercial Driver’s License (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)  

CE – Categorical Exclusion (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

CFI – Continuous Flow Intersection (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

CGIA – North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (Wray & Wilson, 2019)

CHRC – Fingerprint Based Criminal History Record Checks (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)

CID – GSA Commercial Item Descriptions (DOWSIL, 2021)

CIH – Certified Industrial Hygienist (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)  

CDE – Corridor Development Engineer (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

CIP – Capital Improvement Program (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)

CIR – Cold in Place Recycling of bituminous pavement (IRC, 2018)  

CIRIA C742 – Construction Industry Research and Information Association Manual on scour at bridges and other hydraulic structures, second edition [UK Based] (Pregnolato et al., 2021)

CBP – Customs and Border Protection (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020) 

CDR – Commander (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020)  

CLEAR – Communicate Lessons, Exchange Advice, Record [identify lessons learned (LL), best practices (BP). This database, including department wide LL and BPs, is maintained by the Value Management Office (VMO) (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

CLOMR – Conditional Letter of Map Revision [FEMA Compliance Package] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

CLT – Cross-Laminated Timber (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

CMAQ – Congestion Mitigation Air Quality [project funds allocated prior to 40/30/30 split] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

CMC – Continuous Mud Circulation (IRC, 2018)  

CMS – Conditional Mean Spectrum is a popular method of defining the target response spectrum when building seimic fragility curves for dynamic analysis using groud motion (GM) records (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

COC – Concealed Overhead Closer (EFCO, 2016)

COF – Child Occupied Facility (NCDHHS HHCU, 2021)

CONUS – Continental United States (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020)   

CP – Collapse prevention of CLT buildings (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)CP1 – Merger Concurrence Point 1 [initiating environmental review as part of project initiation process (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

CPA – Certified Public Accountant (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

CPE – Chlorinated Polyethylene (International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, 2015)

CPI – Consumer Price Index (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)

CPIH – Contractor’s Professional Industrial Hygienist (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)

CPM – Critical Path Method (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)

CPSC – Consumer Products Safety Commission (International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, 2015)

CPVC – Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, 2015)

CR – Consistency Ratio (Whelan et al., 2019) 

CR – Constructability Review (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

CR-RAVE – Constructability Review, Risk Assessment, and Value Engineering (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

CSA – Canadian Standards Association (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

CS&D – Contract Standards & Development (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

CSL – Crosshole Sonic Logging [Reports] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

CSR – Culvert Survey and Hydraulic Design Reports (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

CSS – Closed Side Setting (IRC, 2018)  

CTA – Classification Tree Analysis [aka CART – Classification and Regression Trees] (Wang et al., 2020)

CTBI – Central Tie Bar Inserter (IRC, 2018)

CTP – Comprehensive Transportation Plan (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

CV – Coefficient of Variation (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

CVSA – Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020) 

DBI – Dowel Bar Inserter (IRC, 2018)  

DBME -  Division Bridge Mantainence Engineer (NCDOT, Draft SMU Inspection Manual, 2021)

DC – Deck Condition [Bridge Deck] (Whelan et al., 2019)    

DCE – Division Construction Engineer (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

DCP – Dynamic Cone Penetration (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

DDC – Division Design and Construct [projects] (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

DC – Design Complete [M1007] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

DCIA – Direct Community Impact Area (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

DDL – Division Design and Let [projects] (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

DEC – Daily Effective Circulation (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

DEIS – Draft Environmental Impact Statement (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)  

DEM – Digital Elevation Model (Wang et al., 2020)

DHD – Defense Highway Designation (Whelan et al., 2019)

DK – Deck Rating (Whelan et al., 2019)

DL – Detour Length (Whelan et al., 2019)

DLC – Dry Lean Concrete (IRC, 2018)

DMC – Direct Mud Circulation (IRC, 2018)

DMV – Department of Motor Vehicles (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017) 

DNR – Design Noise Report (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

DODI – Department of Defense Instruction (EM 385-1-1)

DOT – Department of Transportation (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017)

DTA – Differential Therma Analysis (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

DTREE – Diagram Tree (Whelan et al., 2019)

DAG – HAZMAT Direct Action Group (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)  

DSA – Demographic Study Area (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

DSIP – Domestic Security Integrated Program (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)

DLA – Defense Logistics Agency (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020)   

DPOC – Division Purchase Order Projects [Division-let Projects] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

DSN – Defense Switched Network (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020) 

DSR – Double Single Reinforced Bailey Bridge (IRC, 2018)  

DSR – Detour Survey and Hydraulic Design Reports (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

DTH – Down the Hole Method (IRC, 2018)

DTTS – Defense Transportation Tracking System (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020) 

DUE – Drainage/Utility Easement (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

DWV – Drainage, Waste and Vent System (International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, 2015)

E&SC – Erosion and Sediment Control Plans (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

EAU – Environmental Analysis Unit (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

ECAP – Environmental Coordination and Permitting [for Natural Resources Technical Report, WEX/WET file, Section 7 Surveys] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

e-CAT – OSHA Electronic Compliance Assistance Tool

ECDF – Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function (Whelan et al., 2019)  

EDTV – Express Design Traffic Volumes [simplified method used during Express Design phase] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

EA – Environmental Assessments [These are supposed to take 2 years or less, as part of meeting the Goal of “3,2,1”] (Wray & Wilson, 2019)

EAC – Equivalent Annual Cost (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)

EGB Method – Equipment Guide Book Method (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)      

EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment [performed on Cross-Laminated Timber Buildings using the Athena Impact Estimator for Buildings. Environmental impact effects are examined based on LEED v4 Five Impact criteria: global warming potential (GWP), ozone depletion, acidification, eutrophication, non-renewable energy. Cross-Laminated Timber buildings may demonstrate a net-negative impact (aka reversal effect) on global warming due to the wood material’s carbon sequestration properties. Other criteria include Smog Potential (SP) when comparing Timber to Concrete] (Iqbal et al, 2021)

EIS – Environmental Impact Statements [These are supposed to take 3 years or less to complete, as part of meeting the Goal of “3,2,1”] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021) (Wray & Wilson, 2019)

ELN – Existing Alignments (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

ENT – Elastic No-Tension [spring element that forms part of the parallel system model used to demonstrate contact between CLT walls, base or RC beam, and between CLT panels] (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

EO – Executive Order (EM 385-1-1)

ERAP – Canadian Emergency Response Assistance Plan (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020) 

EPA –United States Environmental Protection Agency (NCDHHS HHCU, 2021)

EPB – Earth Pressure Balance TBM (IRC, 2018)

ERG – Emergency Response Guidebook (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017)  

ESA – Endangered Species Act (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

ESRI – Environmental Systems Research Institute (Nicholas et al., 2021) 

ETRACS – Environmental Tracking & Coordination System (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

EUAC – Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)

FA – Federal Aid [Projects] (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

FAA – Federal Aviation Administration (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)

FAR – Federal Acquisition Regulation (EM 385-1-1)

FCCM – Facilities Capital Cost of Money (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)  

FCM – Fracture Critical Member [Steel member in tension/with tension element “whose failure would likely cause a portion of or the entire structure to collapse” (p. 2-10). These members are found within the girder, truss, pin, hanger, suspension span, cross-girder, pier caps system, etc.] (NCDOT, Draft SMU Inspection Manual, 2021)  

FCE – Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation [used with AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) to measure the risk of any damage to the bridge’s bearing capacity] (Tan et al., 2020)

FDOT – Florida Department of Transportation (Whelan et al.,2019)  

FEM – Finite Element Method [used to develop a simulation model for the monitoring of timber bridge performance based on hygro-thermal data collection] (Fortino, et al. 2021)

FEV (1.0) – Forced Expiratory Volume at 1 Second (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

FGIA – Fenestration & Glazing Industry Alliance (AAMA 2400-20, 2020)  

FERC – Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

FFT – Fast Fourier Transform [applied to free vibration regions when comparing contact-type accelerometer function to the non-contact type LDV, used to assess Cross-Laminated Timber structural integrity and performance] (Zhang et al, 2021)

FI – Field Inspection [M1006] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

FII BSLC – Forestry Innovation Investment and Binational Softwood Lumber Council [International survey of tall wood buildings 8/10 of which utilized Cross-Laminated Timber as the main lateral system or floor paneling system. (Iqbal et al, 2021)

FIRREA – Financial Institution Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

FHWA – Federal Highway Administration (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)  

FLUSA – Future Land Use Study Area (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

FMCSR – Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017)

FMCSA – Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)

FMV – Fair Market Value (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

FOA – Field Operating Activities (EM 385-1-1)

FOG – Filter, Oil and Grease Costs (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)

FONSI – Finding of No Significant Impact [Statement] (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

FOPS – Falling Object Protective Structure (Caterpillar, D3C, 1997)

F-N-R – Forward/Neutral/Reverse Contol Lever (John Deere, 310G, 2001)

FRA – Federal Railroad Administration (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)

FR – Pump Flow Rate (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

FRL – Finished Road Level (IRC, 2018)

FSA – Farm Services Agency (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)    

FSP – Fiber Saturation Point [of laminated timber bridge deck] (Fortino, et al. 2021)

FSU/CDU – Feasibility Studies Unit/Corridor Development Unit (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

FTA – Fault Tree Analysis (Tan et al., 2020)

FVC – Forced Vital Capacity (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)  

FWD – Falling Weight Deflectometer (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

FWHP-HR – Fuel per flywheel horsepower hour (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)

GIS – Geographic Information Systems (Wang et al., 2020)

GAO – Government Accountability Office (Whelan et al.,2019)

GFCI – Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter (International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, 2015)

GNSS/IMU – Global Navigation Satellite System/Inertial Measurement Unit (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

GPM – Gallons per Minute (International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, 2015)

GPR – Ground Penetrating Radar [Determination of water-sediment interface using radar via manually operated machinery for bridge scour measurements] (Pregnolato et al., 2021)

GRP – Ground Reference Plane (IRC, 2018)

GSA – General Services Administration (DOWSIL, 2021)

GSB – Granular Sub-Base (IRC, 2018) 

GSC – Geological Survey of Canada (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

HAGL – Height Above Grade Level (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

HARF – Hardship Acquisition Request Form (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)  

HAWKS – Helping All Work Zones Keep Safe (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

HAZCOM – Hazardous Communications (NCDHHS HHCU, 2021)

HHCU – Health Hazards Control Unit (NCDHHS HHCU, 2021)

HCl – Hydrochloric Acid (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

HEC-18 – Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 by Ameson et al. 2012 [scour assessment process] (Pregnolato et al., 2021)

HEPA – High-Efficiency Particulate Air (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

HF – High Frequency (IRC, 2018)

HI – Health Index (Whelan et al., 2019)

HIPR – Hot in Place Recycling (IRC, 2018)

HM – Hazardous Material (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017)

HP – Horse Power (Caterpillar, D3C, 1997)

HPLC – High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

HMR – Hazardous Materials Regulations (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004) 

HN – Host Nation (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020) 

HQUSACE – Headquarters, US Army Corps of Engineers (EM 385-1-1)   

HQW – High Quality Waters [NC Department of Environmental High Quality Waters] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

HSK – Holz-Stahl-Komosit connections used to prevent the sliding of CLT walls (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

HSM – Highway Safety Manual [AASHTO] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

HVAC – Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (OSHA 3096, Asbestos Construction Industry, 2002)   

HWF – Headwater Forest (Wang et al., 2020)

IACO – International Civil Aviation Organization (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017)

IATA – International Air Transportation Association (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020) 

IBC – Intermediate Bulk Containers (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017)  

ICE – Indirect and Cumulative Effects [Screening Report] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

ICE – Intersection Control Evaluation [informally conducted for each intersection to be improved as part of project] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)   

ICI – Internal Construction Inquiry [initiated by NCDOT RCU or Railroad partner during 5RR1 Railroad Construction Support phase] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

ICM – Integrated Corridor Management [PPO – Project Process Outline] [part of Traffic Systems Operations Scoping] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

ICT – Intermediate Contract Times (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

IDA – Incremental Dynamic Analysis (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

ILEV – CAT Intelligent Leveling System (Caterpillar, 226D, 2016)

IMAP – Incident Management Assistance Patrol (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

IMD – Integrated Mobility Division (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

IMDCG – International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020)  

IMPLAN – Impact Analysis for Planning [contains interindustry linkages that serve as a basis for an input-output platform for North Carolina’s industrial sectors] (Nicholas et al., 2021)  

INDOT – Indiana Department of Transportation (Whelan et al., 2019)

InSAR – Satellite Data-based Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry [high spatial resolution bridge monitoring] (Pregnolato et al., 2021)

IR – Infrared Absorption (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

IRI – Pavement Roughness (Whelan et al.,2019)

IP – Inch-Pound (AAMA 2400-20, 2020) 

IPA – Isopropyl Alcohol (AAMA 2400-20, 2020)    

IPD – Integrated Project Delivery (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021) 

IPA – Isopropyl Alcohol (AAMA 2400-20, 2020)     e IR (use of infrared cameras to capture IR radiation from object in comparison to the IR radiation being emitting from surroundings) or Active IR (external source of laser/light is used to heat up the object in question to obtain its temperature gradient and is more commonly used for NDT)] (Pryor, G., 2021) 

ISDR – Interstory Drift Ratios measurements used in design earthquake level analyses to determine acceptable levels of drift in the event of an earthquake (Tesfamariam et al, 2021) MaxISDR for the X and Y direction may vary based on the NBC CP Levels.

ITS – Intelligent Transportation System [devices] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

JC – Joint Compound (NCDHHS HHCU, 2021)

KBE – Knowledge Based Expert Systems (Tan et al., 2020)  

KPM – Key Performance Measures (Whelan et al., 2019)

KW – Kilowatt (Caterpillar, D3C, 1997)

LADA – Location and Design Approval Letter (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

LBP – Lead Based Paint (NCDHHS HHCU, 2021)

LCCA – (Equipment) Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)

LCD – Liquid-crystal Display (Caterpillar, 226D, 2016)   

LDV – Laser Doppler Vibrometer [used as a rapid assessment tool to assess Cross-Laminated Timber by measuring non-contact transverse vibration waves, shown to be similar in accuracy to traditional contact based accelerometers] (Zhang et al, 2021) 

LEDPA – Least Environmentally Damaging Practical Alternative (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

LEED® – Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (DOWSIL, 2021)

LGP – Low Ground Pressure (Caterpillar, D3C, 1997)  

LiDAR – Laser Imaging, Detection and Ranging (Wang et al., 2020)  

LOGIT – Logistic Regression Model (Wang et al., 2020)

LOMR – Letter of Map Revision NCFMP (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

LRRB – Local Road Research Board (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)  

LOS – Level of Service [Includes 6 Levels A-F reflecting “practical capacity” of a roadway categorized by average spacing between vehicles, maximum density defined by the number of passenger vehicles per mile per lane, etc.] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

LRFD – Load and Resistance Factor Design [Bridge Design Manual] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

LRFR – Load and Resistance Factor Rating (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

LSD – Limit States Design (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

LRS – Load Rating Score (Whelan et al., 2019)

LRTP – Long Term Transportation Plan (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

LSC – Limited Service Contract [awarded to PEF (Private Engineering Firms) and renewed every two years](NCDOT, Draft SMU Inspection Manual, 2021)

LTPP – Loss of Tangible Personal Property [Payment] (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

LTV – Lower Heating Value (Caterpillar, D3C, 1997)  

LUSA – Land Use Scenario Assessment (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

MAP – EPA Model Accreditation Plan (OSHA 3096, Asbestos Construction Industry, 2002) 

MAP-21 – Moving Ahead For Progress in the 21stCentury Legislation (Whelan et al.,2019)      

MASH – Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware [Devices/Safety Features used to perform bridge inspections should be MASH compliant] (Pryor, G., 2021)

MassDOT – Massachusettes Department of Transportation (Pryor, G., 2021)    

MAUT – Multi-Attibute Utility Theory [seismic dynamic retrofit optimization of bridge failures used to aid decision making for the timing and degress of bridge renovation method] (Tan et al., 2020)

MAV – Micro Air Vehicles [Project ARIA drones with inertial measurement unit, GPS, single-laser scanner, octo-roto, three video cameras that may be superior to drones using ground-based sensors] (Pryor, G., 2021)

MBE – Manual for Bridge Evaluation [AASHTO] (NCDOT, Draft SMU Inspection Manual, 2021)

MBIU – Mobile Bridge Inspection Unit (IRC, 2018)  

MC – Moisture Content [of Cross-Laminated Timber] (Fortino, et al. 2021)

MCE – Mixed Cellulose Ester (Federal Register, OSHA, Asbestos Construction, 2000) 

MCE – Maximum Considered Earthquake [2% in 50 years used as an input into collapse fragility curves for CLT buildings in seismic zones] (Tesfamariam et al, 2021) 

MCSim – MonteCarlo Simulation (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)

MDOT - Michigan Department of Transportation (Pryor, G., 2021)

MEK – Methy Ethylene Ketone (AAMA 2400-20, 2020)

MERV – Minimum Efficiency Reporting Values (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)

MEWP – Mobile Elevating Work Platform (IRC, 2018)

MFA – Microscope Count Field Area (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

MFWD – Mechanical Front Wheel Drive (John Deere, 310G, 2001)

MIS – Moisture Induced Stresses [perpendicular to the grain in wooden members in Cross-Laminated Timber, caused by daily variations in relative humidities] [The most critical MIS are those tensile stresses perpendicular to the grain exceeding the Eurocodes prescribed limits] (Fortino, et al. 2021)

MMS – Maintenance Management System (Whelan et al., 2019)

ML – Machine Learning (Wang et al., 2020)

MLE – Maximum Likelihood Estimation [used for binary logistic regression to calculate regression coefficients in Minitab] (Whelan et al., 2019)

MLS – Multiple Listing Service (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)  

MMPA – Marine Mammal Protection Act (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

MMVC – Maximum Minimum Vertical Clearance [Distance from closest vertical point from through lanes to sign structure – 10 ft. away from highest vertical point to sign structure] (NCDOT, Draft SMU Inspection Manual, 2021)

MO – Mobility Officer (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020)

MOA – Memorandum of Agreement (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

MOE – Measures of Effectiveness (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

MOU - Memorandum of Understanding (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

MPO – Metropolitan Planning Organization (Whelan et al.,2019)

MPWFSD – Minneapolis Public Works Fleet Services Division (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)

MR&R – Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation (Whelan et al.,2019)

MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

M-Sand – Manufactured Sand (IRC, 2018)

MSE – Mechanically Stabilized Earth Retaining Walls PLS (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

MTKN – Midwestern Transportation Knowledge Network (Whelan et al., 2019)   

MTRI – Michigan Technical Research Institute [developing systems for drone-based bridge inspections with Michigan DOT] (Pryor, G., 2021)

MUTCD – Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices [Federal Highway Administration] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

NAAMM – National Association of Architectural Metal Manufacturers (EFCO, 2016)

NACTO – National Association of City Transportation Officials (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

NAICS – North American Industry Classification System (Nicholas et al., 2021) 

NATM – New Austrian Tunneling Method (IRC, 2018)  

NBC – National Building Code of Canada (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

NBI – National Bridge Inventory (Whelan et al., 2019)

NBIS – National Bridge Inspection Standards (Whelan et al., 2019)

NCDEQ – North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

NCDOT – North Carolina Department of Transportation (Whelan et al.,2019) 

NCDWR – North Carolina Division of Water Resources (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

NCEM – North Carolina Emergency Management CDE (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

NCFMP – North Carolina Flood Plain Mapping Program (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

NCHRP – National Cooperative Highway Research Program (Whelan et al., 2019)

NC LHMP-RRP – North Carolina Lead Hazard Management Program-Renovation, Repair and Painting Program, State Run (NCDHHS HHCU, 2021)    

NCLM – North Carolina League of Municipalities (NCDOT, Draft SMU Inspection Manual, 2021)

NC-NDT – Non-Contact Non-Destructive Testing [Methods that do not require any instrument to be pressed against the bridge member surface directly, allowing a drone instead to hover over the area at a further distance and obtain a larger area measurement of bridge member metal thickness loss due to corrosion] (Pryor, G., 2021)

NCSMUTCD – North Carolina Supplement to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

NCSU – North Carolina State University (Whelan et al., 2019)    

NDE – Non-destructive Evaluation [methods to assess Cross-Laminated Timber structures after they have been installed since CLT mechanical properties are time-dependent as well as dependent on the environmental conditions to which they are subjected. Includes UT and LDV.] (Zhang et al, 2021)

NDT - Non-Destructive Testing [Ultrasonic, radiographic, thermographic, eddy-current tests to detect bridge structural geometry or deterioration] (Pregnolato et al., 2021)

NEA – Negative Exposure Assessment (OSHA 3096, Asbestos Construction Industry, 2002)

NEPA – National Environmental Policies Act (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

NF – Normal Frequency (IRC, 2018)

NESHAP - National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NCDHHS HHCU, 2021)

NEW – Net Explosive Weight (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020)

NFPA – National Fire Protection Association (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)    

NHFP – National Highway Freight Program (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021) 

NHI – National Highway Institute (NCDOT, Draft SMU Inspection Manual, 2021)

NHPP – National Highway Performance Program [Funding Bucket initially set to cover Interstate Maintenance Projects over the next 10 years, that may be changed later to the NHFP] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

NRHP – National Registry of Historic Places (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

NHS – Non-Highway Service (Tires) (John Deere, 310G, 2001)

NHS – National Highway System (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)  

NICET – National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies [Provides Level III and Level IV Bridge Safety Inspector Certifications] (NCDOT, Draft SMU Inspection Manual, 2021)

NIOSH – National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

NIST – National Institute for Standards and Technology (Federal Register, OSHA, Asbestos Construction, 2000)  

NLCD – National Land Cover Database (Wang et al., 2020)  

NLTHA – Non-linear Time History Analysis (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

Nm – Newton-Metre (Measurement of Torque, aka “Moment”) (John Deere, 310G, 2001)

NMFS – National Marine Fisheries Service (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

NMT – Norwegian Method of Tunneling (IRC, 2018) 

NOAA – National Oceanic, Atmospheric Administration (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

NORR – Notice of Regulatory Requirements [per Waste Management Division of Department of Environmental Quality] (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

NOS – Not Otherwise Specified (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017)

NOTAM – Notice to Airmen (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)

NPDES – National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System [stormwater permit for NCDOT NCS000250] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021) 

NPE – Negative Pressure Enclosure (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)

NRC – National Response Center (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017)

NRC – National Research Council of Canada (Iqbal, A. et al, 2021)

NRM – Non-Recurring Maintanence (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)

NRMM – European Non-Road Mobile Machinery (Emissions Limits) (John Deere, 310G, 2001) 

NRTR – Natural Resources Technical Report (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

NS – Norfolk Southern [Public Projects Manual] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021  

NSERC – National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Zhang et al, 2021)

NTIS – National Technical Information Service (Whelan et al., 2019) 

NTP – Notice to Proceed [M0965] – Official notice received by PEF or consultant to proceed work (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

NVA – Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy [Elevation Data from NCDOT QL1 and QL2 Geodatabase is provided at 8 points per meter including intensity values and supports NVA at 95% confidence level] (NCDOT, 2021, Best Available Elevation Data Summary)

NVLAP – National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program of the NIST (Federal Register, OSHA, Asbestos Construction, 2000)

ODOT – Ohio Department of Transportation (Whelan et al., 2019)

O&M Costs – Operate and Maintain (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)  

OpenSees - Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation  (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

ORA - Operational Risk Assessments (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

ORM – OSHA Reference Method (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

ORM-D – Other Regulated Material – Domestic (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017)  

OSB – Oriented Strand Board (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

OSHA-SLTC – Occupational Safety and Health Administration Salt Lake Technical Center (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

P5.0 – Prioritization 5.0 framework (Whelan et al., 2019)

PACM – Presumed Asbestos-Containing Material (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

PAT – Proficiency Analytical Testing Program (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

PATRIOT ACT – Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept ad Obstruct Terrorism Act (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)

PB – Polybutylene (International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, 2015)  

PCC – Plain Cement Concrete [Surfacing] (NCDOT, Draft SMU Inspection Manual, 2021)

PCF – Penetrating Cone Fracture (IRC, 2018)

PCI – Pavement Condition Index (Whelan et al., 2019)

PCM – Phase Contrast Microscopy (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

PCLS – Pressure Compensated Load Sensing (i.e. axial piston pumps) (John Deere, 310G, 2001)   

PCSP – Post Construction Stormwater Program [defines implementation of BMP Toolbox] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021) 

PDA – Pile Driving Analyzer [Reports] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021) 

PDAs – Probable Development Areas (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

PDE – Permanent Drainage Easement (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

PDEA – Project Development and Environmental Analysis [Unit] (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)    

PDI – [Geotechnical] Pavement Design Investigation (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

PDN – Project Delivery Network (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

PE – Polyethylene (International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, 2015)  

PEF – Private Engineering Firms (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

PEL – Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

PEL – Planning and Environmental Linkage (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

PEX – Polyethylene Cross Linked Plastic Tubing (International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, 2015)

PFT – Pulmonary Function Test (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)  

PGD – Preliminary General Drawings LRFD (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

PLC – Programmable Logic Controller (IRC, 2018)

PLM – Polarized Light Microscopy (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)  

PLS – Professional Land Surveyor [Seal to certify Right-of-Way Field Delineation on Final ROW Series Plan Sets] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

PPE – Personal Protective Equipment (OSHA 3096, Asbestos Construction Industry, 2002)

PCB – Polychlorinated Biphenyls (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017)

PHMSA – Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017)  

PICSViz – Public Involvement, Community Studies, and Visualization (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

PIH – Poison Inhalation Hazard (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017)

PIO – [Comms PIO] Public Information Officer [Works with Project Lead to development public communications timeline, public meetings, media inquiries, etc.] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

PSL – Parallam [mass-timber columns used in Tall Wood Building systems using Cross-Laminated Timber, used for the highest loaded zones of the building] (Iqbal et al, 2021)

PPN – Pavement Priority Number (Whelan et al., 2019)  

PPSM – Points per Square Meter [Referring to LiDAR bare earth data collected with linear aerial sensors which is downloaded by NCDOT Photogrammetry Unit to create two Geodatabases (classified bare earth and a 10-foot DEM)] (NCDOT, 2021, Best Available Elevation Data Summary)

PQC – Pavement Quality Concrete (IRC, 2018)  

PRC – [Location & Surveys] Project Review Checklist (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

PRI – Priority Replacement Index (Whelan et al., 2019)

PS – Pferdestärke (Engine “Horse Strength” measurement in German) (Caterpillar, D3C, 1997)

PS&E – Plans, Specifications and Estimates (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

PSI – Pounds per Square Inch (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017)

PSIA – Pounds per Square Inch Absolute (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017)

PBL – US Naval Patrol Boat Light (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020) 

PBRA – Performance-Based Resource Allocation [Decision Making Framework] (Whelan et al., 2019)  

PNT – Perceptive Navigation Technology [allows drone fight without GPS signal, developed by Union Pacific Railway for drone-based railroad bridge inspections] (Pryor, G., 2021)  

PSHA – Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis tool based on Monte Carlo simulations (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

PSM – Peurifoy and Schexnayder Method (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)

pSMP – Preliminary Stormwater Management Plan (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

PSN – Proper Shipping Name (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020)   

PSR – Project Scoping Report (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

PTO – Power Take Off (IRC, 2018)

PV+ - Positive Predictive Value (Whelan et al., 2019)

PV- - Negative Predictive Value (Whelan et al., 2019)

PVC – Polyvinyl Chloride (International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, 2015)

QC/QA – Quality Control/Quality Assurance (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

QL2 – Quality Level 2 [Aerial LIDAR Elevation Data] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

QLFT – Qualitative Fit Test (OSHA 3096, Asbestos Construction Industry, 2002) 

QNFT – Quantitative Fit Test (OSHA 3096, Asbestos Construction Industry, 2002) 

RACM – Regulated Asbestos Containing Material (NCDHHS HHCU, 2021)

RACM CAT 1 - Regulated Asbestos Containing Material Category 1 (NCDHHS HHCU, 2021)

RAC – River Assault Craft (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020)   

RAW – Risk Assessment Worksheet (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

Rail S&E – Railroad Surface and Encroachment [Section in the Engineering Coordination & Safety Branch of Rail Division] (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

RBP – Reclaimed Bituminous Pavement (IRC, 2018)        

RC – Reinforced concrete (Tesfamariam et al, 2021) 

RCBC – Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert (NCDOT, Draft SMU Inspection Manual, 2021)

RF – Random Forest Model (Wang et al., 2020)

RFI – Request for Information (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

RH – Relative Humidity (Fortino, et al. 2021)

RI – Random Consistency Index (Whelan et al., 2019)

RIN – Regulation Identifier Number (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)

RMC – Reverse Mud Circulation (IRC, 2018)

RO – Rough Opening (AAMA 2400-20, 2020)

RO [H] – Rough Opening Vertical Height (AAMA 2400-20, 2020)

RO [W] – Rough Opening Horizontal Width (AAMA 2400-20, 2020)  

ROC – Receiving Operating Characteristic [curve, plots true positive rate vs false positive rate across all values above threshold] (Whelan et al., 2019)

ROM – Run-of-Mine (IRC, 2018)

ROPS – Roll Over Protection System (Caterpillar, D3C, 1997)

RPM – Revolutions per Minute (Caterpillar, D3C, 1997)

RPO – Rural Transportation Planning Organization (Whelan et al., 2019)

RQ – Reportable Quantity (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017)

RR&P – Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting Program (NCDHHS HHCU, 2021)

RSPA – Research and Special Programs Administration (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)  

RSS - Reinforced Soil Slopes [Pavement Stabilization Geotextiles] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

RSF – Riverine Swamp Forest (Wang et al., 2020)

R/W – Right of Way (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

RWTS – Right of Way Transmittal Summary (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

SAE – Society of Automotive Engineers (John Deere, 310G, 2001)

SAED – Selected Area Electron Diffraction (Federal Register, Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

SAMs – Social Accounting Matrices [tables within IMPLAN providing input commodities of goods/services to produce an industry’s output, in this case the industries with higher dependence on “Truck Transportation.”] (Nicholas et al., 2021) 

SB – Substructure Rating (Whelan et al., 2019)

SCADA – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (IRC, 2018)

SCBA – Self-Containing Breathing Apparatus (Federal Register, OSHA, Asbestos Construction, 2000)

SD – Security Directive (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)

SDDC – Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020) 

SDDOT – South Dakota Department of Transportation (Whelan et al., 2019)  

SDL – Superimposed Dead Load (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

SEA – Safe Explosives Act (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)  

SEA – Strategic Environmental Assessment (Tan et al., 2020)

SEM – Scanning Electron Microscope (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

SEM – Sequential Excavation Method (IRC, 2018)

SEPA – State Environmental Policy Act (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

SHA – State Highway Agency (Whelan et al., 2019)

SHARP – OSHA Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program (OSHA 3096, Asbestos Construction Industry, 2002) 

SHM – Structural Health Monitoring [sensors permanently installed on bridges or remote sensors collecting data in a continuous manner about bridge structural conditions] [anomaly detection, sensor deployment, model validation, threshold check, damage detection include scour monitoring] (Pregnolato et al., 2021, Section 2-3 and Table 2)

SHOPP – State Highway Operation Project Plan (Whelan et al., 2019)

SI&A – Structure Inventory and Appraisal [Implements QA/QC of bridge inspection reports and approves for WIGINS database storage] (NCDOT, Draft SMU Inspection Manual, 2021)  

SLTD – Stress Laminated Timber Decks (Fortino, et al. 2021)

SM – Surfacing Material (OSHA 3096, Asbestos Construction Industry, 2002) 

SMF – Strategic Mobility Formula [STI Funding allocation 40/30/30 Split with 40% for Statewide Mobility, 30% for Division Needs, 30% for Regional Impact] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

SMP – Stormwater Management Programs (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

SMSS – Satellite Motor Surveillance System (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020) 

SMU – Structures Management Unit (Whelan et al., 2019)

SMV – Slow Moving Vehicle (John Deere, 310G, 2001)

SN40 – Pavement Friction (Whelan et al., 2019)

SNcfr - Structure Number (Whelan et al., 2019)

SOH – Safety and Occupational Health Program (EM 385-1-1)

SOFA – Status of Forces Agreements (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020) 

S.O.S. – Scheduled Oil Sampling (Caterpillar, D3C, 1997)

SP – Superstructure Rating (Whelan et al., 2019)

SP – Special Permit (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020) 

SPOT – Strategic Prioritization Office (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

SPP – OSHA Strategic Partnership Program (OSHA 3096, Asbestos Construction Industry, 2002)   

SPR – State Planning and Research [Funds allotted by FHWA for applied research] (Pryor, G., 2021)

SQL – Structured Query Language (Wray & Wilson, 2019)

SR – Sufficiency Rating (Whelan et al., 2019)

SSG – Silicone Structural Glazed Curtain Wall (EFCO, 2016)

SSM – Statewide Strategic Mobility [Projects] (Whelan et al., 2019)

STBG-DA - Surface Transportation Block Grant-Direct Allocation [used as supplementary flex funds to support planning specifically for those MPOs designated as TMAs]  (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

STBI – Side Tie Bar Inserter (IRC, 2018)

STEL – Short-Term Exposure Limit (OSHA 3096, Asbestos Construction Industry, 2002) 

STI – State Transportation Investments [Legislation] (Whelan et al., 2019)

STI – Strategic Transportation Investment (Whelan et al., 2019)

STIP – State Transportation Improvement Program (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

STIP – State Trasportation Infrastructure/Improvement Program (Whelan et al., 2019)

STRAHNET – Strategic Highway Network [When overhead/cantilever signs’ vertical clearance drop is below 16’ the FHWA/NCDOT must notify MTCM (Military Traffic Management Command)/SDDC(Surface Deployment and Distribution Command)] (p.2-20) (NCDOT, Draft SMU Inspection Manual, 2021) 

STOC – Statewide Transportation Operations Center (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

STS – Silicone Transition Strip (DOWSIL, 2021)

STURAA – Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987 (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

SUE – Subsurface Utility Engineering (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

SWRI – Sealant, Waterproofing, and Restoration Institute (DOWSIL, 2021)

T&E – Threatened and Endangered Species (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)  

TAP – Technical Advisory Panel (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)

TAP-DA – Transportation Alternative Program Direct-Allocation (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

TBI – Tie Bar Inserter (IRC, 2018)

TBR – Tunnel Boring Machine (IRC, 2018)

TCM – Texturing and Curing Machine (IRC, 2018)

TEM – Transmission Electron Microscope (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)  

TEPPL – Traffic Engineering Practices, Policies and Legal Authority (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

TERM – Tx DOT Equipment Replacement Model (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)    

TI – Trucking Intensity [Weighted trucks used for commerce/agriculture passing through bridges may have cost impact on the bridge itself, but also may incur costs if a detour must be taken instead]. (Nicholas et al., 2021)

TICA – Transportation Impact Causing Activities (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

TIL – Technical Information Library from the Office of Construction and Facilities Management (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)  

Timber-RC – Timber-reinforced concrete (Tesfamariam et al, 2021)

TIP – Transportation Improvement Program [Number] (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

TISF – Transportation Investment Strategy Formula (Whelan et al., 2019)

THF – Tetrahydrofuran (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004) 

THz – Terahertz [Radiation used to detect corrosion under painted surfaces using spectroscopy and can detect paint layer thickness and surface roughness] (Pryor, G., 2021)

TMC – Traffic Management Center (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

TMP - Traffic Management Plan (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)   

TNAQ – Traffic, Noise and Air Quality [Notification Scoping] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

TNR – Traffic Noise Report (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)    

TOF – Time of Flight [determined using first-wave arrival with amplitude exceeding 40 dB as a threshold measurement taken when comparing non-contact UT assessment methods with traditional contact tools to determine the status of Cross-Laminated Timber structural integrity, including wood member layers with a constant moisture level, as well as members exposed to the environment] (Zhang et al, 2021)

TPD – Transportation Planning Division (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

TPR – Temperature-Pressure Relief (International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, 2015)

TRB – Transportation Research Board [Highway Capacity Manual] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

TSA – Transportation Security Administration (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)

TSI – Thermal System Insulation (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

TVS – Tunnel Ventilation Systems (IRC, 2018)

TWA – Time-Weighted Average Limit (Federal Register, OSHA Asbestos General Industry, 2004)

TO – Transportation Officer (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020) 

TREMCARDS – Transport Emergency Cards (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020) 

TTC – Temporary Traffic Control (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

UAS – Unmanned Aerial Systems [Overseen by Iowa DOT (IDOT)’s Office of Aviation] (Pryor, G., 2021)

UAV – Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)    

UBC TWB – University of British Columbia Tall Wood Building [Student Housing Campus Building in Vancouver, Canada built using a hybrid concrete core and Cross-Laminated Timber and Glulam Wood systems] (Iqbal et al, 2021)

UBO – Utilities By Others – Plans included in the estimation of contract timelines (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

UEL – User Element Subroutine [in ABAQUS hygro-thermal analysis of timber bridge monitoring data, including heat transfer user element, structural user element, wave utility subroutine] (Fortino, et al. 2021)  

UFP – U-Shaped Flexural Plates [connections used in joining Cross-Laminated Timber adjacent shear wall panels in the Vertical plane, manufactured from mild steel. When there is repeated loading in alternating directions to the wall panels, UFPs have shown to exhibit self-centering ability and energy dissipation to minimize displacement of CLT members] (Iqbal et al, 2021)

UHWM – Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017)

UN – United Nations (NCDOT, CDL Manual, 2017)

UL – Underwriters Laboratories (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020) 

UMR – Utility Make Ready Plans [part of initiating Signal and ITS Design] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

URAR – Uniform Residential Appraisal Report [Form] (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)  

URL – Uniform Resource Locator (NCDOT, 2021, Best Available Elevation Data Summary)

USACHPPM – US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020)  

USFWS – United States Fish and Wildlife (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

USCG – United States Coast Guard (Federal Register, DOT, RSPA, 2004)  

USGS – United States Geological Survey CGIA (Wray & Wilson, 2019)

USPAP – Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (NCDOT Division of Highways, ROW Manual, 2021)

USACHPPM – US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (DOD, DTR-Part III, 2020) 

USACE - United States Army Corps of Engineers (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021) 

UST – Underground Storage Tanks (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021) 

UT – Ultrasonic Technology [most effective at measuring the thickness of steel girders and other bridge members/elements when determining corrosion levels] (Pryor, G., 2021)  

UT – Ultrasonic Testing [measures longitudinal wave speed through Cross-Laminated Timber to determine the impacts of moisture content and aging, a non-contact assessment method to determine the state of CLT structural integrity] (Zhang et al, 2021)

VCI – Vehicle Condition Index (Gransberg & O’Connor, 2015)    

VE – Value Engineering [Checklist] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

VMO – Value Management Office [hosts CLEAR database] (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

VOC – Volatile Organic Compound (DOWSIL, 2021)

VP – Vertical Roadway Under/Over Clearance Priority (Whelan et al., 2019)

VPAT – Variable Pitch, Power, Angle and Tilt Blade for D3C Tractors (Caterpillar, D3C, 1997)

VPIH – Veterans Affairs Professional Industrial Hygienist (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011)

VPM – Vibrations per Minute (IRC, 2018)

VPP – Voluntary Protection Programs (OSHA 3096, Asbestos Construction Industry, 2002) 

VSI – Vehicle Shaft Impactor (IRC, 2018)  

VTT – Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd. [Developed sensors to monitor Stress-Laminated Timber Bridges performance. Sensor types include integrated humidity-temperature sensors with thermocouples measuring inside and outside temperatures, displacement sensors to monitor verticle and horizontal motion, force sensors monitoring tension force variation in the steel bars. (Fortino, et al. 2021)

VTrans – Vermont Agency of Transportation (Whelan et al., 2019) 

V-WAC [Pitting Gauge] – Visual Weld Acceptance Criteria [Criteria established by NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission) including depth of undercut, pitting depth, weld seam, etc.] (Pryor, G., 2021)

V(x) – Value Functions [Map individual measures of performance to normalized 1-100 scale, e.g. linear value function V(x) = 100 (z-A/B-A)] (Whelan et al., 2019, p.33-34)

WAMFEAT – Wetland Functional E-Assessment Tools (Wang et al., 2020)

WAMTAT – Wetland Type [Prediction] Automation Tool [using LiDAR data for non-coastal areas (Wang et al., 2020)

WASP – Work Zone Application for Special Provisions (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

WBS – Work Breakdown Structure [Element Number] (Whelan et al.,2019)  

WIGINS – Wearable Inspection and Grading Information Network System (NCDOT, Draft SMU Inspection Manual, 2021)

WP – Clear Bridge Deck With Priority (Whelan et al.,2019)

WRB – Water Resistant Barrier (AAMA 2400-20, 2020) 

WZTC – Work Zone Traffic Control (NCDOT, Integrated Project Delivery v.2.0, 2021)

XRD – X-Ray Diffraction